be in a position to be able to protect the freedom of people. this is what democracies are all about, protecting individual rights, protecting the dignity of man, and protecting the safety and security. nutshell, andn a end never justifies the means in everything that is not technically feasible should be done. discussed on the balance between freedom and security and the rights of the individual. on.s a debate that is going in spite of all the differences, i continue to abide clearly by the principle that europe, germany, and united states could not wish for a more reliable partner respectively than we have in the transatlantic alliance. the alliance is a prime

importance to all of us and this is the basis for our very close economic cooperation as well. the transatlantic economic the whole 15ure on million jobs on that side of the atlantic. it is indispensable. german companies alone a great in more than 600,000 jobs over haveand american companies created 800,000 jobs as of now. the u.s. chamber of commerce is an eloquent testament to these very close integrations of our tool economic areas. the world has changed incredibly. you have more of a political and theomic weight of economies, the overall framework of the g 20. the global financial and economic crisis as greatly impaired progress and growth in

the countries which has a lasting impact. globally, we see a tightening of growth which is something we are very pleased to. of imf is excepting growth 3.6% and next year to 3.9%. reason for usbe a to be complacent. in europe and the united states, just as other industrialized countries, we are still facing very grave challenges. public --r too high the burden of unemployment. increasing competition on global a continued vulnerability of the global financial system. to masterly be able those challenges if we continue to work closely on the basis of trust in the transatlantic

the imf, the also world trade organization, the osce, and the framework of you 20. g 20. 20 -- the transatlantic economic council was established, not only on very important areas ability whichral contributed to a smooth operation between the business community. the nuclear us of a project that at the time by considered a champion many. the project to take negotiations on the transatlantic trade agreements. , we arece that summer negotiating about the transatlantic investment and trade partnership. it is a key project of our

transatlantic operation. draw the two economic areas, europe and the united states, closer to each other and it will strengthen both sides. ism very grateful that it good to promote this. of the europeans and united states have a very close free-trade agreement. further negotiations take place with other countries and that we ought to be able to forge a transatlantic free-trade area between -- i am saying on our behalf, we are to make this possible until the end of 2015. it would be a very clear signal of our resolve to draw down barriers of trade in the conference of way. i would also be a very important impotence to the global economy and all.

is crucial to be comprehensive on one's approach. to draw down the still existing barriers between the european union and the united states. there are no longer keeping with the times. we want to do more with trade. sides,ny decades of both there have been a number of standards and a number of regulations that have been promoted and put into place. due to this duplication of regulation on both sides of the upset by anyis not benefits, high costs are concurred to a business community. company that wants to export of machinery to the united states today needs to have registered individual development.r

so that they correspond with american specifications. the function of these individual components are typical. that is the sort of opportunity that is opening up for us to be .ctually free this is why we want to further liberalize public determined. we want to develop future oriented technologies and also -- our two countries have a hard time trying to access the market.

for a small or medium-sized brewery, because of the very difficult's rules, it is difficult for them. i am tempted to say you don't know what you're missing. ladies and gentlemen, looking at , we not onlyons concentrate on the top -- the companies. it is important that both benefits on both sides are benefited because a joint area will lead to lower prices and to a broader range of products. we've been able to come to an trade andon mutual

these kinds of food stamps have been made much easier. i know that many citizens in europe have been following negotiations with a skeptical eye. these negotiations can only be brought to a successful conclusion if we show a high degree of transparency and also if we try to enlist the support and participation, so it is important that both partners to the negotiations have made it clear that a free trade agreement will not lead to the drawdown of rules that protect the interests of consumers, of people who work, and the environment. also the has to be some kind of leeway for future regulation because it is not the aim of this free-trade agreement to give a prominence to the interests of companies vis-à-vis the interest of citizens.

the aim is to learn from each other, to be in close dialogue, perhaps promoting new standards that go a long way toward improving the standard of living of citizens of both sides. if we are able to do that then we will also be able to, the two of us together, to set standards for the environment and protection. we have power that we can wield in global communications. our partners in the wto are watching our negotiations with great attention. i can only assure you that our aim is and remains to come to as comprehensive a drawdown of their years, we have seen that bilateral negotiations offer better opportunities. i am convinced that any progress we make in ttip will not only

reduce prospects [inaudible] but increase it. there seems to be a new kind of spirit in wto. there was a large share in the success that was possible in bali. trade policy can only be one building block of a comprehensive strategy to release the forces for growth in our countries. four other areas need to come into play. first, public budgets need to be put on a sound, sustainable level. the debt crisis we have seen in the euro area has shown us very clearly that durable prosperity can only happen on the basis of

sound fiscal policy. in coping with the crisis in the euro area beyond any doubt, we have made important progress. we have adopted rules for a stable monetary union and important support programs for countries in need and building up a banking union of the european level. we now at the same time that the european crisis, the sovereign debt crisis is not yet overcome, at least not in a lasting way, the mistakes that were made more than 20 years ago when the european monetary union came into place have not been completely addressed. we have to continue to work on this and our objective needs to be we must never see such a crisis repeat itself again. this is a long lasting exercise in europe and our partners outside of europe such as the u.s. and japan.

i know this is part of your public debate. both europe and the u.s. are facing great challenges. the labor market, it the educational area, creating the most positive environment for investment. the task is the same. rendering our companies of holding their own in global company vision. europe and america can benefit a lot from each other and can learn a lot from each other. europe and germany can learn from the u.s. in terms of giving seed money to innovative companies. i am please that apparently the good affairs we have made with our training scheme has been

looked at very favorably here by the americans as well. what is also important to see is achieving a secure supply of affordable energy. we are interested to work together with the u.s. here. the ttip negotiations ought to give us an opportunity to deepen our energy cooperation. in europe when we look at the crisis in ukraine, we also think about how we can make ourselves more independent of unilateral energy supplies and gas delivery from russia. the transatlantic mentorship also offers great opportunities. we are duty bound to make global financial systems more resilient particularly in the g 20. we have made great headway. there are a number of areas where we still have considerable need for further reform. i am much interested in seeing regulation, bout on the shadow

banking sector. we need to also do more on regulations where we see to it that any financial institution that gets into difficulties and irrespective of its size can actually be [inaudible] without taxpayer money. you have made enormous strides here and we have made some progress. this needs to be continued. all of these foreign and security policy challenges can only be mastered if we act together. the transatlantic partnership is and remains also in future the crucial key to peace, freedom, security, and prosperity for all of us. it is particularly in this year, 2014, that we are more than aware of this fact. 100 years after the beginning of the first world war, 75 years after the beginning of the second world war, and 25 years after the fall of the berlin

wall. we must never forget what a treasure for both peace and freedom, for peace in freedom, what a treasure this kind of venture is and we feel committed to cherish and nurture this treasure politically and economically in germany and america. this is what this great transatlantic partnership is all about. thank you for your attention. [applause] >> that was wonderful. now we have a great chance to answer a few questions, and i will start to give everybody a chance to get settled.

i really am very interested for message from you on the practical things that the business community in this country and the business community in europe can do on their own to go out and drive us closer and faster to this agreement. >> well, i think that at the end of the day, the business communities to feel committed to this aim. i am assured of support i have seen [indiscernible] how can companies which those people who see so much concern,

who are skeptical so i would ask you to talk to their own labor force and asked the companies to talk to their own labor force and bring home to them who actually in the world already has such a trade agreement and what benefit they can reap from this. they are not aware especially in the asian area that indonesia has and free-trade agreements with china. there are many others of this kind. we need to make it understood that we are not trying to cut down certain standards that have been achieved with a lot of work over time. we are trying to secure the future of what as we know it jobs as we know it in our countries. it would be important to talk to trade unions in germany about this because they are able to do quite a lot for people they talk to. go out of the box if you like and not meet only with your own people because they all know

your viewpoint anyway, but go outside, go and talk to the public. bring this to [inaudible] and companies have a hard time. they are looking after their own and their own interests. we have seen that in negotiations with korea. that is also the case with japan. what will this mean for us if the south koreans are able to penetrate our markets and so on. it is interesting that there is this south korean trade agreement. there is an enormous growth rate. the other bit of what they feared has come to pass and that is what the industry in general needs to see. we made the experience that sets free-trade agreements revive business.

>> we have been told i our labor unions that when we negotiate that we should negotiate labor standards that are like the european standards. we have been telling the labor unions we have got that done now so support this agreement. and we will continue to remind them. so one more question and then we'll go to the audience. in recent days in meetings here and meanings we have had with others, we talked about the effect that the circumstances in ukraine on the negotiation of this trade agreement. will it compete it or will it stimulate it and perhaps even move it faster?

>> it's not going to get any more difficult. whether it is easy is something the jury is still out on. on energy, i think you may well have a positive effect, actually. that is where i see possibly the greatest benefit. we're currently talking a lot about what sort of lessons do we learn and particularly here in washington, i understand you are talking about the next sanctions, the next possible step. we ought to join forces. barack obama and i were saying we want to bring about a good solution. we should not underestimate

present sanctions already taking effect, have an effect. they have an effect that goes far beyond the sanction proper because right now, corporation with an economic area such as russia, which basically seem to be moving up, getting more intensive, getting better is called into question and the question of whether a company would invest in russia into the future, that is something that now they would have second thoughts about. we in europe have imposed sanctions that have taken effect and work for six months but in europe there will be a rethink on their own energy supplies. they do not want to continue to be 100% dependent on russia. it may well be that the long-term, looking at the energy supply also in the united

states, we may well have much closer cooperation with you. people have to be told if we do not have a free trade agreement , it will take a very long time before we can have the first deliveries of liquefied natural gas. and when we have a free trade agreement, -- this could go a long way toward convincing european countries. >> thank you. this is a very unique sitting arrangement because usually i can see over the lights. because of the press, we have extra lights. for the people in the first rows, we're going to have to put you on your best honor. well, i can see you. who would have the first question? going once. you had better put your hand up or i will start the next question.

over there. thank you. when you stand up, you introduce yourself and where you are from so the chancellor might know what you really want to ask. [laughter] >> i will do it in german. i come from berlin. thank you for your clear words on ttip. you mentioned there were discussions as regards lowering of standards and other issues mentioned that is something that is talked about back home and the lack of transparency of those negotiations. this scheme is discussed at a very controversial matter back home. what is your viewpoint on this?

>> we reacted in a very reserved way in regards to a particular area of investment protection. it has been blown a little bit out of proportion. that, in a way, stands for something that we need to do, we need to do more. we can do without this if it is not needed. if it is needed, we need to do it. there are individual components taken up by people who are skeptical, who want to use this by proving that something that is dear to our hearts back home, it is in many ways impaired by this agreement. if you talk to people about free trade agreements we have with other countries, that goes a long way toward addressing such skepticism. we must be aware that during the whole of these negotiation process, people will tend to

highlight different aspects and explain there is something horrible happening. we need to be transparent and explain more. negotiations cannot be happening at an open stage. one has to protect one's own interests as well. one should not be too secretive about it either. so that people are worried about our holding something from them. again, try and say there are other trade agreements and tell people you were fearful than but these fears were not justified. >> very good.

right there. >> the history of sanctions are pretty clear. if sanctions are truly multilateral, there is a chance of success. if sanctions are unilateral, companies or countries often try to game the system to win temporary advantage at the expense of the companies that are under great restrictions. where we stand today is the u.s. has more strict sanctions and other countries. how can the united states and germany be on the same page with the same sanctions so that we have a chance to really make a difference with truly multilateral sanctions where the major countries have the same restrictions on their companies so that there is a chance to move forward? >> well, after all, we try to coordinate very closely.

there are very different sorts of situations in place in europe and the u.s. but we have been able to align our policies pretty well. what is the difference? one difference is -- we are not talking about companies now. we are talking about sanctions against individual persons, the american laws are different than those in the eu. in the eu we can impose sanctions on persons that have direct responsibility for what is happening on the peninsula or what is destabilizing. in regard to iran we have always been shot down by the courts when we went too far in their minds. we are currently working in the eu on such a legal framework and trying to broaden that somewhat and making it somewhat similar to what you have in the united states.

secondly, in europe, we have 28 member countries. we have to come to unanimous decisions over anything that we plan to do. the impact that sanctions have also, by way of repercussions on member countries, are very different. if you talk about possible financial sanctions, germany is not particularly affected. if you talk about energy sanctions, germany is a little bit more effect it. in europe we have an interest if matters come to such a pass that we need to go further that we have a mix of sanctions where each and every country suffers a little bit. not one country suffering a little bit and not one country suffering at all. in europe, we have possibilities to do things -- we have worked

with russia and we give them credit lines and also european bank investment. we could take a moment and think whether we should not do certain changes as regards the way we treat russia. that is something the u.s. is not able to do. there is not 100% alignment between what we do but there has to be some kind of fair balance. that some companies are affected 100% and some not at all. the eu is careful in preparing work and looking at that aspect on the whole, trade between europe and russia obviously is much more closely developed then trade between the u.s. and russia. >> show we go to the side? we shall move back here where they seem to have people with

more questions. how much time do we have? 10? great. back there. >> i am a russian journalist. i'm hearing from my friends who work in germany that the business community is against sanctions. they do want to go to saint petersburg and take part in the next meeting. what do you say to your own business community? >> i think -- i do not know if that is the case in any other parts of the world. people who want to do business and that is what the business community is about.

i am not exactly longing for sanctions. in germany,some people are also against sanctions against iran. that is true now for russia. all of the top ceos of the business community and industry have said if that is the case if you decide on that than we will abide by your decisions and the community knows this. although they have envisaged a different kind of relationship. if two years ago you had asked me whether we would discuss such issues today, i would have said that is not very probable. one needs predictability. and one needs certain framework conditions for investments. so, many in the business

community -- i cannot talk obviously reliably on their behalf -- but many of them are aware that reliability and the basic acceptance of the european postwar order, namely territorial integrity, is a very important thing and the business community in doing business cannot completely neglect that. they will not be enthusiastically owed -- excepting that but they are open. there are possibilities there. let us work together with russia for the elections taking place in ukraine on may 25 so ukrainians are in a position to decide their future course of their country themselves and we do not need to introduce her -- further sanctions. no one is longing for that. do you think politicians like to talk about this? we cannot just sit back and watch. basic principles that ought to be prevalent in europe are being brought into question. and since the first sanctions have been actually suspended against iran, the german business community was happy. it would be a strange community

that is longing and working for sanctions. don't be under any illusions. the german business community, should we have to impose sanctions, will abide by them. >> i wanted to add that in the u.s. we hear from many of our companies the same thing the caterpillar representative said. it should be balanced and there should not be people taking advantage during sanctions. people understand that if we do not deal with this challenge in an orderly and a broad-based way, we will deal with lots of other, more difficult challenges. i believe, as the chancellor said, that the leaders of the american business community will rally around this collaborative approach to dealing with the problem in the ukraine, and we will make sure that they do. we think we can take one or two more.

someone else. right there. someone is bringing you a microphone very quickly. thank you. >> thank you. i am with the european union delegation. as you have seen yesterday, there was the report [inaudible] a big review on big data commissioned by obama that was just released in the report goes much beyond just the question of intelligence, of course, addressing what can we do with this data, what are the challenges and opportunities for our economies and our societies. i would like to have your views about how do you see the future in this area, also in cooperative terms of both sides of the atlantic on how can we strike the right balance between privacy and security on economic opportunities? thank you.

>> thank you. i believe that the current debate in the u.s. has actually already taken effect. the american president issued a presidential order making a few changes and now the question is obviously what does this mean for citizens outside, people outside of the u.s.? the interim debate has shown first results. i think it is a good thing that between germany and the united states, there is a good thing that a cyber-dialogue will take place. we will look at a data management and questions, how do we use the data, what sort of attacks are we open to and vulnerable?

in europe, we have to admit we have the following problem. we are developing a lot of these technologies no longer in europe these days. those that are behind those, the drivers of this particular line of technology are either in asia or, more importantly, even in the u.s., so we need to find ways to be in a position to give our own contributions to this technology and it will be easier for us also to set standards and how to use them. it is easy to make best possible use of such technologies and in the end complain that there is not some kind of standard that governs how they are used. we need to be out there developing our own. there needs to be a dialogue on this. the foreign ministers will walk on this. i will personally be involved and -- >> we are now going to take the last question. we will go to the side.

back there. >> i am marjorie krause. thank you very much for your remarks. i was interested in the comments about energy security and how those efforts are moving forward, and i understand what is going on is going to help in the longer-term. i just wondered if you could comment on any shorter-term vulnerabilities that europe will face until some of the new terminals and pipelines, online that will create a better path for energy security in the future. >> it is not actually for the first time that in the context of ukraine we have been working on the better and more secure

energy supply and better connections within europe as regards the pipelines. a few years ago, we already had a first gas supply crisis. they were difficulties between russia and ukraine in wintertime. slovakia did not receive any gas. at the time, we said we will explore the phenomenon of reverse flow which enables you to also supply countries with gas that may not directly be connected to the pipeline. we have tried to take measures that will avoid such a situation recurring again where other countries are cut off from supplies. poland is doing that sort of scheme right now. due to -- we have also tried to supply ukraine because there is a possibility of this reverse flow barrier. 50% of deliveries to europe from

russia come through the ukraine so there is a high dependency there and we are closely linked because we have gas storage tanks in ukraine which in summer needs to be replaced so that -- in winter, you have sufficient gas to supply europe. now, we have to look at the individual dependence of individual countries. we have 37% dependence on gas. six countries are 100% dependent. there are other european union members that are more than 50% dependent on russian supplies. we have to increase the building of energy terminals, for example, as a means to avoid further dependence. we have a third framework on the single market energy package on the table in europe. even an owner of a pipeline will not be allowed under that scheme to use the pipeline only for his

own gas, but there are certain features of that capacity that he can use for his own supply come but the rest has to be tendered for a public bidding process to take place, and you have to see that others use the pipeline so there is not a monopoly. this leads to russia being interested in seeing the pipeline being used more from russia, and there is one measure we have taken. these negotiations were stopped on how they can be used by russia because we said we want to see further political progress before we relaunch that communication. we have done something and we are going to continue to work in that direction for a five- to 10-year plan to think how to do this. also, a polish proposal of also

developing more of a clout as regards consumer position. we have individual contracts with russia for individual member countries, but we can also pool our markets which will then render a stronger consumer and call for uniform gas prices for the whole of europe. it is a broad range that goes from $300 to $490 per cubic -- per thousand cubic meters, and that is the same gas supply that is sold to individual countries by individual companies. >> chancellor, we have a lot of guests that come to the chamber. this has been an extraordinary and important visit you have paid us. we are very anxious to know when you will be coming back. the sooner you come back, the sooner we can keep pushing this forward.

we want to thank you very much for visiting. i want to thank you very much for your very candid and very helpful comments, and we want to thank your colleagues and your associates for everything they did to help put this event together. we look forward to seeing you again very soon. [applause] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2014] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] >>," on the next "washington looksl the cato institute at the common core standards initiative and the role it plays in overall education policy. after that, republican senior reporter jesse eisinger on his article looking at government efforts to investigate and tantalize those responsible for those responsible for the punisher crisis. "washington journal" is live at 7 a.m. eastern on c-span.

saturday, live coverage of the 2014 white house correspondents dinner. we will hear remarks from president obama and joe mikael of the nbc show "community" as they speak to celebrities, journalists, and the white house press corps. live coverage starts at 6 p.m. eastern with red carpet arrivals, followed by the dinner. that is sunday on c-span. -- that is saturday on c-span. >> c-span posner was to book, "sundays at 8:00," a collection of top storytellers. >> at the beginning of the war, you were pressed into it. you were afraid of holding the gun, but then you pushed back and fought. i shot somebody and killed somebody and it does something to you. it's very difficult in the beginning, but as time went on, it became easier. it became normalized.

war,lly, in the context of you normalize the situation so you live through it. if you don't, you actually die. ah, one of 24 unique voices. "sundays at 8:00," now available from your fairford bookseller. >> next a look at a political article on how much money is expected to be spent on political ads in the 2014 elections. from "washington journal," this is 45 minutes. joining us from charlottesville, virginia, is the center for politics, professor larry sbato. thanks for being with us. guest: nice to be with you. host: help, i'm drowning in tv ads, the headline of

politico.com. your essay on campaign ads. what did you learn? i've been guest: i have watched thousands and thousands of them, so not a lot surprises me, but the themes change from year to year. you kind of get a sense of what is happening out there. that i did notes cover in the article is comedy kids are in the ads, spouses, grandmothers. ? these candidates noted people a politic so much and is so suspicious of congress in them that they need personal validation from somebody who knows them well to recommend them to the broader electorate. they are just everywhere. we have had caroline kennedy appear as a photo and john f. kennedy spot in 1960. isy spotemember the da

with a little girl picking for lbjff a daisy before nuclear madness. we have sometimes had whole families of kids saying that dad is great, mom is traffic, they must be getting extra privileges at home. something is coming out of it. learning from the table one example that you did not put in your essay. this is from the kentucky republican primary where mitch mcconnell is being challenged by matt devon. polls are showing, ahead in the polls. campaignfrom the devon on the new topic that you just mentioned. is a bunch of lies being told about my dad. -- this is a bunch of lies being told about my dad.

a great senator. i should know. i've known him my whole life. i approve these messages. and i approve these messengers, two. what would somebody who's watching these ads on the web or on television to noon or two not? -- tune in or tune out? adorable,ldren are and when they surround a candidate for public office, it makes a candidate more attractive, too. $5 billion. this is the amount we will likely seen spent in this campaign season, most of it spent on advertising. know the exactr

percentage in advance. most of the money is spent on television, at least the money after you subtract out the stuff and office rent and that kind of thing. a lot of people questioned that. maybe the money would be better spent with voter contacts, with voter id, finding out how the people in various key neighborhoods and swing districts feel, and making sure they get out to vote. the fundamentals, steve, is just the same as when abraham lincoln described it before his presidential campaign. find them, and vote them. the question is, whether tv ads really motivate people to get out the vote. they even persuade people and is highly partisan era. most people have their minds made up, at least for the general election. i think tv ads are much more influential in prime areas, when you're picking a republican, you agree with everybody, most everybody on most everything.

if you're a democrat, you agree everybody. the little personal factors make a big difference in tv ads. let's go through a couple of as you highlighted. this is from a senate race in oregon. an oregon republican who is challenging senator merkley in this midterm election. was interesting about this spot is that the candidate is pro-choice, but listen carefully gument was framed. >> the doctor said there something wrong with your baby's spine. dr. levy was the first person that gave us hope. she was the first person that said, congratulations, you're having a daughter. y hugged me and touch my

four head. he said its going to be ok, sweetheart. i've got her, and i will see you in a couple of hours. i gave her the most precious thing i had, i trusted her. we have a 12-year-old today because of dr.wehby. she will always do the right thing. she will act with integrity. all of washington needs to be y. l of people like dr. wehb why did you highlight this particular ad? guest: because it was so powerful, so emotional, so touching, and it accomplished a key political goal for dr. n she saved the

little girl's life. she could have possibly saved the mother from having an abortion, which i guess was perhaps recommended or suggested by others. pro-lifea very decision, very personal. no one can watch that at and not identify with the mother and the little girl. i think it accomplished a political purpose, but it also made an emotional connection by who is a front runner to be the republican nominee for senate. congressman nick baggage was on a plane that also included help box. earlyere killed in the 1970's. here's how his son's framing his childhood and what it is like to be a senator from alaska.

in alaska, you go as far as it know -- see people we >> baggage goes to the people wherever you are. we have lost too many. mark is clearly his father's son. tore's no place he will go listen and stand up for alaskans. he forced washington to open up the arctic ocean to oil drilling. he strengthened our coast guard. he has refused the pay raise until the budget is balanced. i am prouder still of him as a father. and what he learned from his own. and ich,rk

approve this message. host: this is all the emotions. and mother, a father. steve, it is a history lesson. your probably too young to remember this incident. back in 1972, october 72, it was a national story, obviously, egichcongress and b along with majority leader hale , were lost in a small plane crash and no one has ever found the plane wreckage. only 39% of alaskans were actually born in alaska. many of them have no memory of this whatsoever. this taught an important history

bsson that tied mark alaska in a way that rate was very palatable. the in various forms and over many generations. going to be a year that citizens united will be fully in place. an influx of outside groups spending money on some of the most important races in the country. absolutely. they are almost all negative. there is an occasional positive spot from those groups but mainly it is negative, vicious, rendinger advertising, they are responsible to nobody.

destroy the to opposition. it is very negative. in my piece," i focus on -- mips in -- in my piece in "politico," i focus on positive advertising, this is the season for it. most of the challengers in races that have determined the party nominees, they are figh ting november already and want to create a positive image of the candidate. we will be flooded before november with vicious, negative advertising. but not right now. you can actually find some good uplifting ads. >> talking about television advertising, larry sabatino is the director of the university of virginia center for politics. get more information at center for politics.org.

comments,ur calls and send us an e-mail or a tweet at @cspanwj. , here is one of those ads. [video clip] 1970's, cochran voted with jimmy carter. he voted for the read my lips tax increase. today, cochran votes with obama to raise the national debt by trillions. five decades in washington is enough. club for growth action is responsible for the content of this advertising. host: you have to wonder where do they come up with some of these awful pictures of the candidates. [laughter] take badll, we all photos from time to time.

almost all my photos are bad. it's really not that difficult. what is interesting about that ad, if you watched it in isolation and did not know thad cochran's record, you would think this is a liberal senator from mississippi. if you look at congressional quarterly's or national journals, thad cochran is a conservative senator. he votes overwhelmingly with the republican caucus on almost everything against president obama. it is effective at least for its target audience, say the tea party in mississippi. it suggested that you cannot count on thad cochran. he is going to defect when it really matters. i am sure cochran has answers to each of those votes cited in the ad, it is up to him to come up with a counter ad. our viewers saying "how come that romney is not

present?" larry sabato, your response. guest: both sides spent about equally, both had all the money they could possibly have. in presidential elections, television advertising is lee's leastive because -- is effective because the average voter has so many other sources. and neighbors and family to the news media. they gather information from so many places that no single ad can have the power of the 1964 daisy spot that didn't help lyndon johnson, who was -- that johnson, who was going to win against goldwater anyway. i do not buy the theory that it matters in presidential elections. there is a point of diminishing returns and i think both candidates reached that early

october 2012. host: you make a reference to this ad in 1952, before you were born, larry sabadto. [laughter] guest: i was born. host: let's watch. [video clip] america.ower answers >> the democrats have made mistakes, but aren't there intentions good? >> if the driver of your school bus runs into a truck, drives into a ditch, you do not say his intentions are good -- you get a new boss trevor. -- a new bus driver. host: larry sabato? you howhat shows primitive television was and television advertising. the first was presidential candidate to go out and hire an advertising firm to produce his ads.

he was a brilliant general but could not read cue cards worth a damn. there were some others that were even worse. his opponent, at least even send saiddlai stevenson, president should not be sold like soapsuds. stevenson lost and one of the didt things stephen saivenson four years later was higher in madison avenue firm to handle his second campaign. he went on to lose by more, it does not necessarily make a difference. host: joining us from alabama. with larry sadler joining us from the university of virginia. willr: a house divided soon fall. i am looking for candidates who can work together. these guys -- i do not trust the money guys. all these guys going up there --

they are not fighters. leaving millionaires. they go of their regular guys and leave millionaires. i am looking for someone who is not going up there to fill their pockets and to exercise power. i am looking for guys going out there to serve. i am an ex army guy and i served. host: thank you for the call. larry sabato, that sums up the sentiment of what many people feel. your friends and colleagues tom nann and norm ornstein wrote i "broken branch." sure, there are lots of congressmen and senators that fit the description the gentleman was suggesting, my slogan for decades has been "politics is a good thing." in my experience, i

have known over 40 plus years in and around politics. i have known a lot of members of veryess, most of them are dedicated, they are extremely hard-working and care about their issues. they have an ideology they fight for. we always focus on the bad because that is the headline. nobody wants to read a headline that 410 members of congress were not indicted today. we focus on the one person who was indicted. i don't think any of us would want to be categorized by the worst in our profession. from ones is a comment of our viewers. other than tom coburn, if you are out there to serve -- few are out there to serve. mike from pennsylvania. >caller: we have billions of dollars to spend on ads yet we have all these people waiting strangei find it really

you have money to spend for this stuff. we watched c-span all day, we do not meet sentimental ads. it is a bunch of bull and they people who to the are struggling. there is stuff on tv, it is a slap in the face. the guy showed us his family living the good life. my wife had to leave the kids because we could not afford our place. these commercials are not selling nothing to the american people. watch c-span and learn who these people are and get to know them. host: what about that point, larry sabato? guest: i'm a veteran c-span watcher. i much prefer to watch it without commentary. that is what you get on c-span. lot of whatout a appears in the commercials is will, of course that is true. you only get one side of the equation.

the theory is that you get the other side of the equation from the unregenerate -- you get the other side of the equation from the other candidate's ads. but in so many races the finding is so unbalanced, one side has four or five times more than the other candidate. you never get the full picture. you might want to show the pig ad, animals are playing a role in politics this year. host: you are reading our minds. we have that ready. it is titled "squeal." uses the c in iowa word. the assessment of larry sabato, a look at midterm ads including this one. [video clip] >> i grow up castrating hogs on a farm. when i get to washington, i will know how to cut pork. >> mother, soldier,

conservative. >> it is time to force washington to do the same. spending, repeal of omnicare, and balance the budget. washington is full of big spenders, let's make them squeal. [laughter] host: i do not know what to say, larry sabato. is that a first? castration in an ad. guest: absolutely, i have never seen an ad involving castration of any animals, that is a first. very clever. she was nowhere near the front sheer before that ad, now is the co-frontrunner with mark jacobs, a businessman who is outspending her. she is in the running and that iowa primary, which is in early june.

if no one gets 35% out of the five candidates, they go to a convention. she became the co-frontrunner, she got loads of national publicity. freead was aired for dozens and dozens of time on news shows because it was so unusual, to put it kindly. third, she was able indirectly to stick it to the democratic nominee for senate, congressman bruce braley, who had made a interpreted aste being a day cap farmers. farmers.a dig at you do not do that running for senate in the hawkeye state. host: a reference to the 1952 ad. it must have been produced by "madmen." [laughter] mary in kentucky. caller: i am sorry.

that was a new one. host: the ad? caller: i grew up on a farm with cows, chickens, pigs, i still work on a firm. chickens,he cows, and pigs. [laughter] sorry, that threw me for a loop. everybody has got internet. that threw me off track so bad. network saying that you can zip through these things or positive and skip over them. tell them to use their money and knock on doors and say if i do not keep my promises to you, i will resign. , or but.d

do not feed me a bunch of bull. sir, do you know what it means. my mama would have soap in your mouth. i am an old-timer. these commercials aimen't worth two cents. nobody watches a darn thing unless you are stuck with regular television. host: you like that joni ernst ad? caller: i am a farmer, i know how to fix a cow, that don't get me nowhere. i want to know what your ethics are, what you are going to do and if you are going to keep your promises. if not, get out of congress. host: larry sabato, there you have it. your response? guest: i like the word "fix" better than castration.

a delightful comment from a delightful person. her idea of getting a candidate back into the neighborhood going door-to-door is a great idea. on almostl goes everywhere and it is effective in small population states. dakotas, youom the expect to see your candidates over and over again, you have that opportunity. california, new york, texas, even my state of virginia, which has 8 million people, it is impossible. you cannot do person to person campaigning very much. as far as agreeing to resign if you do not live up to your promises, i have not heard many candidates say that. i have heard the occasional candidate say if i do not fix a budget problem in my first term, i will not run again. it happened once in north dakota, i believe it was senator

downconrad, he stepped temporarily. temporarily, he got back with the other senator died. ads can be amusing but i never taken seriously." let me go back to the technology issue. the other caller made reference to tivo, you can scan through the ads. the influx of digital media, what challenges does that give campaigns and ad makers? a very serious challenge. that is why you are seeing a larger percentage of the budget in many campaigns being devoted to internet advertising. i am sure we have all noticed that when we go to certain websites and are looking at news websites, there are ads for particular candidates. in one manner or another, they have figured out your partisan identification or your likely partisan identification, or that

you are persuadable. they are going to insert a message that is targeted just to you. all frightened by how much information has been accumulated about each and every one of us. not just by the nsa, we are talking about advertisers and campaign firms. this is all bought and sold and easily available. that is why we see the ads we do on the internet and it is only going to increase. host: one of those is a candidate challenging john boehner in his southwest ohio district near cincinnati. using humor as a tool to go after the long serving speaker and member of the house of representatives. we will show you the spot in its entirety. [video clip] >> you make a great team. dysfunction could be a question of blood flow. when a politician has been in

d.c. toulon, a goes to his head. wintereggdaily basis, would help you every time the moment is right. when using winteregg, the secure, common sense will be used in solving the nation's problems. other signs of electile include themight inability to maintain a spine in the face of liberal opposition. if you have a boehner lasting longer than six years, wintere gg. winteregg, i approved this message. host: larry sabato highlights this ad. does the spot go too far? yes onhow can i say

television? bute is a role for cialis, it is certainly not an political tv ads. this went way over the top and was offensive to lots of people. it could've been done more tastefully -- i do not think he could have given the subject. he has no chance of all in the primary and i am sorry to say the fellow has been discharged from his teaching job. i don't want anyone to be unemployed but there are consequences when you put a tv ad like this on the air. host: larry in amsterdam, new york for larry sabato from the university of virginia. byler: that advertisement eisenhower brought me back, i was 10 years old and i have my picture taken with the vice presidential candidate that year. it amazes me that people can be influenced by this type of advertising. these guys would sell their

daughters and wives into prostitution to get themselves elected. you get so sick and tired of hearing that stuff, this is one of the reasons i listen to c-span. you get some sort of truth. the thing about not being able to get to the people anymore, that is a bunch of crap. the house of representatives is a house that represents the people. are supposed to represent so many people and there is no reason why they cannot. if there is too many people for each number of the house to represent, we ought to have more representatives so people do get to see their candidates in person. this representation today, these guys will take any figure and twist them. that is why i'm an independent, i get tired of hearing this stuff. host: thank you for the call from new york. larry sabato, when it comes time

for those running for office to spend time on the campaign trail , raising more and more money in ever-increasing races, how is the time divided? guest: the time is increasingly divided towards raising money. all of us who have been lucky andgh to be in this field have access privately to congressmen and senators and we get to ask them off the record what they hear about their jobs, most of them will say the increasing amount of time, even during the day, when they have to leave their offices and go down to party headquarters and dial for dollars. they are given a list of people who have been donors or might be donors and they have to call and give their pitch. are takenhours that away from deliberation, legislation, constituency services. i want to go back to the gentleman's idea, that is not

off the wall, to increase the size of the house of representatives. in a book on the constitution, i proposed raising the total number of members of congress in the house of representatives to about 1000, which would have given thepriate formula that george washington wanted. people always say i do not want more of them, i want to keep the same budget or even reduce it, the budget for congress. they would have fewer people to getesent and then we could back, perhaps, to more person to person interaction and representation. idea.not an off-the-wall however, as with all amendments and major changes in our polarized era, it is scheduled for the 12th of never. host: larry sabato from the university. "the washington post" on one of the key senate races in arkansas. mark pryor in a tough reelection battle. thold describes

the reelection race. the first ad by the pryor campaign was this. [video clip] >> i'm not ashamed to say i believe in god. one hase teaches us no all the answers, only god does. neither political party is always right. this is my compass, my northstar. it gives me comfort and guidance to do what is best for arkansas. i am mark pryor and i approved this message because this is who i am and what i believe. adt: larry sabato, that cannot lay last year. mark pryor is a democrat and his father served as a democrat. longtime friend of the clintons, no reference to democrat or democratic party in a state that is increasingly republican. i do not think any state

has turned so sharply republican in recent times as arkansas, unless maybe west virginia for some of the same reasons. that ad was heavily criticized by democratic media advertising specialists, privately, not publicly. sophisticates perhaps are turned r said.what pryo you have to remember the arkansas electorate. in recent elections in the white evangelical christians have been close to 60% of the turnout. actually of appeal can make a difference. it is an emotional appeal but in heor's sense reveals what considers to be important or tries to sell that idea. up, aone poll has him long way between now and november. we will cover all the campaigns on the c-span network.

steve from austin, texas, good morning. caller: good morning, thank you. rayburn,sk you, sam years ago, when he retired from sticker of the house he only had a few thousand dollars in his checking account. these guys are retiring as millionaires. are these guys allowed to keep their advertising budget after they retire? how are these guys retiring as millionaires? after only making under $200,000 a year. host: thank you, we will get a response. larry sabato? guest: a very good question, i hear that a lot. first of all, no, they cannot keep for personal use what is in their campaign accounts. it is forbidden. think any honest congressman or congresswoman would do that. a few get in trouble.

therere important point is yes, they do retire as millionaires. you have to understand one thing, i believe a substantial majority of the members of congress are millionaires when they go in. so, because i think the disclosure forms for their financial disclosure have vague categories. it is difficult to tell precisely what many of them are worth. we certainly know, at least one third of the members of congress, are millionaires, multimillionaires, hundred millionaires. i strongly suspect the majority are millionaires going in. one reason for this is because of what it takes to campaign for office. you are expected to put up a state yourself, the party expects you to do it. maybe $50,000 or $100,000. if you are wealthy, millions.

you take off a year or two years from what you are doing. no one can work their regular job and run for congress. they have to support their residences inwo most cases. i'm not making excuses for them. i'm explaining why we have theloped a system whereby wealthy dominate congress. people always say the wealthy have always dominated congress and i suspect that is true. there were periods in american life when it was not true and average people could get elected. we have moved away from that and i don't know -- we will never go back to the mom and pop campaign and probably we will never go back to the mom and pop candidate who gets elected. host: i want to ask you about jeb bush. front page in "the new york times," how wealthy republican donors might support jeb bush. do you think he is going to run? was note certainly

going to run if you his son a couple years ago. in texas, who is running and will win easily, we have him in charlottesville and he all but told an audience in public he did not believe his father would run. things change and i think a lot of people in the republican establishment thought chris christie could be sold as their nominee. that now is a bridge too far allroperability -- in probability. they returned to jeb bush because if there is one year itn dynasty may not matter, is 2016. you might have two dynasties running against each other, clinton versus bush. host: in your piece for politico, you take a look at one candidate running for reelection this year, john kasich of ohio.

their eyeers may have on 2016, let's watch. [video clip] >> he grew up in a hard-working steel town on the ohio river. fatherhere john kasich's carried the mail six days a week. his grandfather worked in the coal mine. his mother was the daughter of immigrants. here, john kasich learned the value of a job. the dignity of work, and a passion for helping others. when he stepped out on his own, those values went with him. here, john kasich earned a degree and graduated a proud but that. -- a proud buckeye. he led a team that balanced a budget and ignited job growth. here, he married karen and became the father of twin girls. today, as john kasich leads ohio of job creation,

it is the values he learned here. governor john kasich. why did yousabato, want to highlight that particular spot? guest: there are some candidates this year who are running double campaigns, whether they admit it or not. they are running for reelection and trying to keep their eye on the ball. john kasich is running in ohio, governor scott walker in wisconsin. subterranean campaign, washington 2016. look at that ad, impressive, smooth.duction value, as you listen to it and you watch those pretty pictures, it sure did sound like ohio values could be iowa values too. rules fory sabato's effective campaign advertising, what we you include? -- what would you include? guest: the honest.

if you are not you are going to pay for it sooner or later. they could become a gaffe. inaccurate,ck is you will pay and have to spend money to correct it. i do believe that it is the best mixture to have positive and negative. you have to give some reason to some reason to vote for you. it is not simply destroying the opponent. those are two good rules. that is enough for now. of the center for politics at the university. his most recent book is titled "the kennedy half century." a frequent guest on this network, he is a regular columnist for politico. professor larry sabato, thank you for being with us. guest:

"washington journal" is live at 7:00 a.m. eastern on c-span. >> the biggest challenge in the house where obviously redistricting is, occurs, in the house the biggest challenge that a republican is going to face is from, in a primary from somebody more conservative than he or she is. and almost every district that's the case. that's what they're worried about. they're worried about being right.ged from the so how is it in their political interest to reach across and compromises? i think we've gotten the system

that we designed, you know, as a country. when we created the districts, in fact i'm not sure the people created the districts realize exactly how profound the implications of all this would be. particularlys, minority democrats, have been in have been in there some states african-americans theyant to be sure that have reliably african-american districts. that has a large percentage of african-american voters so havecan make sure they representation in congress. >> this weekend, from the antidefamation league, changing demographics, redistricting, and the republican party. this morning, just after 11:00 eastern. and later on c-span, the white dinner.rrespondence president obama and joel mchale of nbc's community headline the celebrities, journalists and the white house

press corps, that's live at 6:00. sunday on book tv, former gang member, community activist political candidate luis rodriguez will take your calls comments in-depth at noon on c-span 2. on american history tv, a the sugar hawaii and industry. c-spannight at 9:35 on 3. departmenttate officials discussed the worsening situation in the whyral african republic and additional funding is needed to support humanitarian efforts in the region. u. n. peacekeeping mission is preparing to deploy to central africa, but isn't expected to arrive until september. held in front of a house foreign affairs subcommittee, this is hours. a half

i would note that at our november hearing, the acting robertnt secretary, jackson, who will again testify today, stated that the c.a.r. a pregeneral oh side stage. since that time that mr. jackson spoke to us, the situation appears to have gotten worse. today fromagain secretary jackson who will update us not only on the butation on the ground, also on a changing policy that i believe reflects a course of recommended,e had

that the administration under take last november, namely that nations peacekeepers be introduced into the country as the existing african force been serving far too many vested interests. hopefully such an intervention too late, because we are witnessing a country that disintegration, apparently extending from a prevent oh soid stage to one character -- pre-genocide stage. it's been characterized by brazenmisrule and corruption. we are seeing sectarian never existed as before. economic tensions over land use planting hasersus always existed, but it's given on to a butchery based religious and ethnic affiliation. this is happening when we mark the 20th anniversary of the genocide in rwanda, when that country was being turned into a field the world

both president clinton and kofi annan had information that could have prevented or mitigated the situation, but that enabledrence slaughter of unprecedented proportions. hearings,eries of three of them, on rwanda and we heard from people who said we in hand.nformation the general was there on the to take action to curtail what turned out to be upwards of a million people who slaughtered. with that information, again, that could have been prevented least largely mitigated. when the blood stopped flowing looked at the corpses piled high and was shocked, never again was the phrase that was on everyone's lips much it is happening again, as we know, our distinguished witnesses know. the question before us today is the phrase "never again"

is one we simply use to pay lip service, and whether or not we are going to act decisively. distinguished witnesses today, acting secretary, assistant secretary and also ann richard, assistant secretary for population refugees and migration. the state department is sending two people to testify is shows aing, as it heightened commitment to the issue, the question i'll be asking them to answer is, what we doing, not what are we doing, but are we doing enough. the administration to much fanfare created an prevention board, following a presidential study directive which stated that mass atrocities and genocide is a core national interest and a core moral responsibility of the united states, close quote. p.b. is supposed to provide early warning of mass and mobilize

resources to stop such atrocities. been?ere has the board did we take our eye office the ball perhaps we are confronted other crises? while we have taken some stops authorizing $170 million in humanitarian and peacekeeping aid, something we hope to hear more about from our government witnesses, are such given theadequate magnitude of the problem. we have a situation where in a ofntry with a population 5.2 million people, 1.3 million starvation, while 2.5 million are estimated in ofd of other forms assistance. that is nearly half the country. clepsing,ing ethnic where buy -- cleansing, where by whole being emptied. there are more than 600,000 internally displaced persons in c.a.r., plus more than 320,000 others who are refugees countries.ing

the to the number of those displaced has doubled since the time we held our hearing last november, when it was estimated at 460,000c.a.r. nationals displaced. accurate figures for the numbers killed are hard to come by. our witnesses will be able to shed some light on that. estimatedd that an 2,000 people have been killed ince december alone, but believe that number is probably conservative. report we do receive are blood curdling. an attack in the early morning hours of february 1, by so-called -- a father recounted how as the was fleeing he saw his 10-year-old boy shot in the leg down.ll the child was then set upon by men with machetes who hacked at until he was dead.

four days later in when was reminiscent of another massacre, the forces came upon a group muslims who were in hiding. they separated the men from the small children, and executed the men, 45 of them, then shooting and those who lay wounded. through the deck a the c.a.r. beset by violence and misrule, such religious based violence though is something phenomenon.w how did the country get to this point? political could -- data in quickly took on religious and ethnic overtones. our marchiled in hearing, they came to power with the military backing of a militia, up to 90% of whom came chad and sudan and

constituted a foreign invasion force in the eyes of many. speak the local language and are muslim in a over 80%at is christian or otherwise nonmuslim. churches,oyed executed priests, stirred up sectarian patriot reds where to one -- little to none had previously existed. backlash by self defense gangs. outrages have escalated and muslim civilians nothing to do with it became targets. the case -- whole villages have been of their muslim populations. as we will hear, there are causes contributing to grievances, including a fight to minerals.

there are economic motives at work there. the conflict can be described as religious, it is true religious dedication that provides the andtest hope for peace reconciliation in the central african republic. some of you will recall how months ago three great religious leaders came to as new york, well the united nations, meeting with both chairmanners, the white and u. n. officials. one was a muslim imam, another a christian leader and third a catholic bishop. the three spoke, and i met with them as did so many others and impressed in awe of their fervor to bring peace reconciliation to their country. and to do just by the christians trying to do, where

we saw recent outrages. we're seeing the same dialogue and cooperation occurring again here in c.a.r. finally i want to relate a story man of god,r someone whom those of you will remember and remember well. weeks ago was holy week. and holy thursday, the bishop who testified at our hearing was parish with three of his priests. the car he was traveling in was by gunman the road leader had occupied his parish. havingsed the bishop of

thwarted his plans, he then threeced and the other priests to execution and death. the government removed his episcopal ring and large cross he had around his neck, and you might remember when he sat where secretary jackson, he wore that cross around his neck. the four men were placed in a then driven north to the border with chad, for the order to be carried out. way to the gallows their truck was stopped, again by this time commanded by another warlord who knew the and knew that he was a true humanitarian and a man of bishopand knew that the provided for over 35,000 parish.d people in his whether they were parishioners or not, he cared for them. he ordered the bishop and priests freed and through those effort, they were helicoptered back to his home parish in time for good friday.

story really hit home with me, and i'm sure it will with others who know him. who i and others shared coffee with, we prayed him him and then we heard give powerful testimony. and his clarion call was to the international community to get those peacekeepers, beside all the humanitarian aid and the that is so desperately needed, he said we need who will stop the carnage and do it immediately. hei am grateful that survived to continue doing his great life enhancing work. underscores the precarious nature and how everyone, muslim, christian are at risk, clergy, imams, bishops, they are all at c.a.r. and we need to redouble our efforts. and i thank our witnesses for here. i yield to karen bass for any opening comments. >> thank you, chairman smith. thank you for your leadership of this committee and also this hearing on the

central african republic and the ongoings that the conflicts there might intensify side., into general oh i'd also like that thank our distinguished witnesses jackson andbassador ann richards from the u.s. department of state, as well as prominent expert from nongovernmental development and advocacy organizations. yourk forward to hearing perspectives on the ongoing africanrythe central public, including getting an humanitarian situation and the u.s. and international efforts to address the challenges, including the the africann with union and what's ultimately at stake if efforts to quell the are not implemented with sufficient resources and speed. the honor of traveling to rwanda, and the republic as part of the presidential delegation to the recent onto attend the of the rwandary

genocide. while on the central african of the journey, i witnessed firsthand much of the the lackthe chaos, and of economic opportunities which in many ways we know gave rise the current conflict. attending the wrap genocide memorial, when we c.a.r. it's my carding in traveling with ambassador power, that it was a cabinet level official had ever traveled to the nation. muslimwith a group of and christians and it was really hear their to testimonies and their stories there. was one woman who spoke with us and talked about how she lost both of her children. that afternoon to go to the market and never came home. daughter was found later murdered. and she was a muslim woman who afraid to leave her

house. and, mr. chairman, you have on occasions on the human rights portfolio part of the committee talked about the persecution of christians, and here we have a situation where there's christian led militia are attacking the muslim population, and in fact it's of thed that over 90% population has been driven out of the country, which is a situation that we're certainly looking atve to be how we bring them back in. the presidentth of the c.a.r., even she talked her own security was not stable. frightened, we remember, you remember that because many toyou here who are going give testimony today were part of that delegation. and listening about her quite frightening. but while much has been made of the religious layers of the differences in religious ideology were not the origin of the crisis, which

reflects complex tensions over access to resources, control over trade nationaland issues of identity. and you certainly when you had had the hearing and talked about the religious leaders that were here, is an example of how we people there and leadership there really do want to resolve this situation in a peaceful way. so as we prepare to hear from today's witnesses, i hope we can lessons from the vast experience and use them to increase support for the most to bring anasures toned the conflicts in the republic.rican and i'm hoping that you will termse guidance for us in of if there's anythinges we can do in congress. so, as always, i'm committed to working towards this end and look forward to working with my in washington and on the continent to sign a peaceful resolution. >> i thank my good friend for her eloquent statement, and to underscore, what we have tried

in this human right committee and i've chaired it '94, was out of it for a did another chairmanship. but any sectarian violence is to abhorred, condemned, faux against, struggled against. --e tried to make very clear today that both sides of extremism that are slaughtering people because of their religious faith or ethnicity are condemned and held to account. to mywould say colleagues, yesterday this committee approved resolution sinceeen pushing september to create a war crimes tribunal that would mirror the was done byhat david crane in the sierra leono crimes tribunal, that would

go after both sides, those that are kill christians and those are killing muslims and everyone else who is doing slaughter. i'd like to yield to my colleague, the vice chairman of the committee. mr. chairman. i'm anxious to hear our witnesses. >> okay. i'd like to introduce our distinguished witnesses, thank them for being here. ambassadorirst with jackson, previously serbed as ambassador to cameroon. worked in but run day, zimbabwe, at the state has done officer training. his full resume will be made part of the record, it's a very distinguished one.

as well as for ms. ann richard who is the assistant secretary in the state department's population, refugee and migration bureau, which she's since 2012. her previous service includes time in the state department, the officeorps, and of management and budget. she has also worked at the council on foreign relations, international rescue committee and was part of a team that founded the international crisis group. that we hear from often on this committee as well. you couldassador, if begin. >> thank you very much, chairman smith, ranking member bass, members of the subcommittee, for this opportunity to testify again africane central republic. since i last appeared before you, we have grown more with the inner religious violence that anti-balacatween and militias throughout the republic.rican the united states remains committed to working with the c.a.r.'s transitional authority

and the international community to end the violence and build a transitional process, leading to the establishment of a legitimate elected government in c.a.r. in the process of forcibly taking political power from former c.a.r. president, they destroyed the traditionally am i between --ionship applicable relationship between christians and muslims. the fighters were little more than bandits and criminals who sustain themselves by looting, kidnapping and pill aging the country, which is 85 90% christian. while the rebellion did not a religiously based movement intent on targeting christians, the disproportionate impact of its extreme violence on the population led to the christian selff defense militias, the

anti-balaca. these began to engage in revenge against rebels, then against presumed supporters then indescrim nationally -- indiscriminately. u. n. agencies and human rights organizations have estimated over 600,000 have been dismayed since the beginning of late 2012.on in citizens december 2013, we agree least 2,000 people have been killed, and another 100,000 the country, just since december. we are particularly concerned that the imminent threat against muslim civilians has forced many

to abandon their homes and community and to seek help from agencies, therian african union, and the french peacekeeping forces, to relocate within the central african republic, or to neighboring countries. just last weekend, at the urgent request of muslim civilians in p.k.12 neighborhood, peacekeeping forces transported over 1,200 people to towns in the northern part of the country. as soon as those folks departed, populationng local attacked and destroyed the mosque and looted the homes of left.who had this forced relocation of muslims from their homes and is deeplys disturbing, and fundamentally compositioneligious and character of c.a.r.s towns recents on. unleashed may have

permanently changed c.a.r.'s historic tradition of religious tolerance and coexistence. bengi alone an estimated 5,000 to 7,000 muslims remain out of an estimated previous population approximately 100,000. the 37 mosquesf are still standing. my colleague, ann richard, assistant secretary of state for population, refugees and migration, traveled to bengi on april 7. defer to her for additional comments about the humanitarian conditions she and our humanitarian response. if you'll allow me, i'd like to just what the u.s. government has done over the her visit tonce address and stem the violence. april 8, the u.s. special envoy to the organization the conference, rasheed

hussein and the department of state's senior advisor, david brown, who is here today, led a delegation of religious leaders tom the united states demonstrate solidarity among religious communities and pro reconciliation. in a show of support for this reconciliation, interfaith participants from the c.a.r. as well as representatives from the andrnment, civil society armed groups signed a communique renouncing violence and encouraging intercommunity and interreligious dialogue to lay the tensions and foundation for renewed peaceful coexistence. april 9, ambassador to the united nations samantha power and assistant secretary of state african affairs linda thomas greenfield they'd mayor second visit to the c.a.r. in a span of four months. ranking member bass participated in the delegation's visit and witnessed firsthand the dire conditions in the country. their visit ambassador

power, assistant secretary greenfield and representative met with transitional president, commanders of the african and french peacekeeping forces, and members of civil society, to express our unwaveringnd determination to end the violence and support the reestablishment of legitimate government. we pledge to work with the government and the international herald mtion.elp in response to her request, we tol specifically work reestablish local law enforcement, trance is al accountability capabilities to end impunity which has contributed to againstd violence civilians. we are pleased that several thetries in the recent on, world bank, the european union, and other development partners, to helpe forward finance basic government alternative support

work perhaps that would help put c.a.r. citizens back to work. while we commend the leadership of the african union and the african union the french, weom also degree with u. n. secretary assessment that a u. n. peacekeeping force with civiliantary and components is needed to address the cries is in a comprehensive way. the united states joined the other members of the u. n. security council in adopting resolution which establishes the u. n. peacekeeping operation in the african republic with up to 10,000 military personnel, 1,800 police, and 20 corrections officers. they will build on the strong and sacrifice made by the europeanrces and

troops that are in the process joining them. minuska will have the responsibility not only to totect civilians but also support the establishment of election preparations and combatants,on of protection of human rights, and accountability for human right abuses. states will continue to reenforce the mission in toance of the transition minuska in september to maintain miska's ability to protect the civilian population. tohave committed up $100 million to support miska, liftsing by providing air for over 1,700 peace keepers to equipment, and 200 additional vehicles, 37 vehicles having already been delivered to increase the mobility of troops on the ground. on april 10, the united states also announced additional

assistance to c.a.r., bringing our sincetarian assistance oact 1, 2013 to $67 million. the seconds work of reconciliation, peace committed anhave additional 7.5 million to nongovernmental organizations to support their courageous work with c.a.r.'s religious leaders promoting conflict resolution initiatives to encourage peace, forgiveness and nonviolence in flash point areas of the country. we strongly believe that it is hold accountable all individuals responsible for committed.being and we are actively working with the united nations security council to impolicemen targeted sanctions against political spoilers and the individuals violence.ng the as secretary of state kerry stated, the united states is targetedto implement sanctions against those who further destablize the situation

pursue their own selfish ends by abetting or encouraging violence. finally, i am pleased to announce that the department of ambassadorppointed stuart simonton as our special the centralve for african republic, he'll begin his work later this month. leading role in shaping and coordinating u.s. strategy toward the c.a.r. to violence, address humanitarian needs, establish governance, create judicial mechanisms for ensuring accountability, and help the inclusivee through an transition process leading to democratic elections. chairman smith, ranking member bass, and other members of the subcommittee, we are determined and committed to end the human suffering in c.a.r. and support a peaceful and durable crisis.on to the we remain engaged with our international partners and we keeping you and

the committee engaged and efforts.of our i would be pleased to answer your questions. thank you very much. jackson, thank you very much for your testimony and for your work. it's all appreciated. yield toto now assistant secretary ann richards for her testimony. >> thank you very much, mr. chairman, ranking member bass, other members of the subcommittee. and thank you throughout the for your dedication to human rights and humanitarian causes. greatly appreciate that. i appreciate the opportunity today to brief you on the cries is in the central african republic. as you said, it's unusual have witness degrees the state department, but because i was just in bengi at the beginning rim we thought it would make sense to come along and provide some eyewitness from what i saw on that trip. secretary jackson has provided you with an overview of the situation, so i want to focus my the travel that i had

at the beginning of april to to bengi, central april 7.epublic on i want to highlight the work that we're doing, and we're doing that with the u.s. agency for international development to address humanitarian needs. a million central africans have been forced to flee their homes, two-thirds are displayed within the central african republic and one-third have fled to neighboring are now refugees and maybe have fled since last december. these people have stories of personal tragedy and loss including family members killed. areas near the border with the central african republic and also to a transit center. with one muslim man who showed me photos of the mutilated body of his father. of five children, including a new porn baby, he told me they had lost

everything. had brought very little with them and up were using what little they had to build shelters to house their families. i travel a lot to refugee displaced persons camps. people were in people were in very difficult .helter situations they were in places that have been thrown together quickly. bengi, c.a.r., i spoke to several people living in difficult conditions at the airport. as you may have seen, the idp site is right there on the edge of the airport. so we did not have to travel far to meet with them. while their homes were in a nearby neighborhood, they all sought protection at the idp camp